Then there is the bathypelagic zone, also called the midnight zone. The mesopelagic zone, or twilight zone, extends from the end of the daylight zone to about 1,000 meters. The upper part is called the epipelagic zone, or zone of sunlight, and it extends 200 meters below the surface of the water, according to the NOAA. Like Earth’s atmosphere, the ocean can be described in terms of layers. It is located in the hadal zone, named after the god of the underworld Hades A trip to the Challenger Deep can put a vessel under pressure “equivalent to 50 jumbo jets,” Feldman explained. An atmosphere is a unit of measurement of 14.7 pounds per square inch. Since then, a handful of explorers have ventured into the Challenger Deep, but expeditions are rare and the journey is extremely dangerous.įor every 10 meters (33 feet) traveled below the ocean surface, the pressure on an object increases by one atmosphere, according to the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Vescovo painted a depressing view of humanity’s impact on these remote, seemingly untouched places when he identified a plastic bag and candy wrappers at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. A plastic bag was found in the Mariana Trench.Īnother explorer who returned to the site was Victor Vescovo, an investor from Texas who plunged to 10,927 meters (35,853 feet) and achieved a world record in 2019. He piloted a submarine ––which he himself had helped design–– to 10,908 meters, setting a world record in 2012. James Cameron, director of the 1997 movie “Titanic,” was the next deep-sea explorer to embark on that adventure. Feldman spent more than 30 years at the space agency. Gene Feldman, NASA oceanographer emeritus, told CNN. “Immediately, all our preconceived ideas about the ocean were destroyed,” Dr. During the expedition, passengers Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh were stunned to see living creatures where scientists imagined that it was impossible for anything to survive. The first was made in 1960 with the historic immersion of the Trieste bathyscaphe, a type of free-immersion submersible. James Cameron, director of “Titanic” is one of the few people to have visited the site James Cameron talks about the tragedy of the Titan submarine 2:05įew human expeditions have ventured into the depths of Challenger Deep.
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